SAR / Biological

The telecommunications sector is making great advances aimed at delivering an even stream of high tech devices, covering the significant consumer demands in this sector. EM simulation is increasingly becoming an indispensable tool in the design flow, not only on the antenna level but also on the phone and environmental levels. This article compares simulated results with measurements for several steps in the phone design chain. Read full article..

Human head models like the SAM phantom are already regularly used to test the influence on mobile phone performance as well as to check the compliance to SAR standards. However, the hand also influences the field distribution significantly. The following article shows the CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) simulation results of a complete Sony Ericsson mobile phone in relation to head and hand phantoms. Read full article..

Transmitters used in vehicle environments present potential threats to the health and safety of vehicle users, in terms of both human exposure to electromagnetic fields and vehicle EMC (electromagnetic compatibility). The recently revised automotive EMC directive (2004/104/EC) now requires vehicle manufacturers to identify acceptable frequencies, powers and antenna installations that can be used on vehicles without compromising their EMC performance. The simulations presented here were performed with CST MICROSTRIPES™. Read full article..

CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) was used to aid in the computational investigation of the transverse B1-field homogeneity and SAR values in a 11.7 T / 500 MHz 4-port driven RF head coil loaded with a high-resolution human model (HUGO based on the Visible Human Project®). The simulations show the expected enhancement of the B-field in the centre of the head compared with the unloaded case and no significant changes in the maximum 1g SAR values between 2-port linear and circular polarizations. This work was carried out by CEA Saclay, France and is summarised in this article with the permssion and courtesy of Xavier Hanus and his colleagues. Read full article..

A standardized spherical phantom head such as the one described in this example is commonly used for SAR investigations and measurements. Read full article..

This article demonstrates the capabilities for importing the HUGO dataset via the CST STUDIO SUITE™ Voxel Data Interface. Read full article..

The exposure of staff in the vicinity of MRI scanners to low frequency (~ 1 kHz) time-varying fields associated with gradient coils is currently of interest in view of limits prescribed in the European Union Directive 2004/40/EC (1) due to be legally enforced from April 2008. Concern has been raised regarding the likely impact that exposure limits described in (1) will have on MRI practice but currently there is little information in the literature regarding such occupational exposure. In this work we address the interactions of a switched gradient magnetic field with a human body located near to a MRI scanner. Read full article..