Electron Tubes

Electron guns are the starting point of every charged particle application. There the DC energy is translated into an extracted beam which later on interacts with all kinds of RF structures. The design and analysis of an electron gun can be performed with the tracking code of CST PARTICLE STUDIO® as shown in this article. Read full article..

Microfabrication becomes also in the vacuum tube community more and more popular. The reason is the need for miniaturization when going to higher frequencies. Circuits created by conventional fabrication techniques are not robust enough. Therefore a microfabricated folded waveguide for 220GHz has been designed and analysed by means of 3D simulation using the Particle in Cell (PIC) solver of CST PARTICLE STUDIO®. Read full article..

In this acticle the simulation of novel interdigital backward wave oscillators with CST PARTICLE STUDIO® is described. The mutual coupling of the charged particle movement and transient electromagnetic fields is taken into account by a sophisticated Particle in Cell algorithm. The resulting output power is in excellent agreement with theoretical values. Results are presented with the courtesy and permission of Teraphysics Corporation, USA. Read full article..

CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® enables the simulation of periodic eigenmode problems such as Travelling Wave Tubes(TWT). The group velocity and phase dispersion characteristics can be extracted as well as the Pierce Impedance. Read full article..

This article shows the simulation of a klystron output resonator. The simulation was performed using the Particle in Cell (PIC) code of CST PARTICLE STUDIO™. The PIC code is embedded in the transient solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and benefits therefore from a mature environment. Read full article..

A monotron is a simple microwave tube which converts DC energy into RF energy. The simulation of such a two-cavity monotron with CST PARTICLE STUDIO® is performed and compared to published results. Read full article..